Sir James Willson Robertson, shi ne Gwamna janar na ƙarshe a tarihin mulkin mallaka a Najeriya. Ya soma mulki ne a ranar 15 ga watan Yuni na shekarar 1955, sannan ya miqa mulki a hannun Dr. Nnamdi Azikwe, wanda yake shi ne baƙar fata na farko ɗan Najeriya daya fara mulkin ƙasar, a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1960.Makomar Nijeriya Bayan Samun 'Yancin Kai
Marubuci:
Mohammed Bala Garba,Maiduguri.
Sir Robertson, bayan komawar sa gida, ya shiga damuwa da takaici bisa yadda ‘yan Afirka suka rushe duk wani asasin gina ƙasa da Turawa suka kafa musu a iya zaman su a ƙasashen Afirka, suka shiga yake-yake da juna tare da neman yancin kai a tsakanin su. Ya faɗi hakan karara a littafin sa mai suna ‘
Africa in Transition. From direct rule to Independence, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1974. Ya kuma faɗi cewar ‘yan Afirka sun yi kuskuren neman ‘yanci tun da farko, domin abin da suka sani yanzu (na yake-yake da almundahna) basu san shi ba a baya, shi yasa tun a lokacin suka rinka matsa lambar korar Turawa tare da karbar yancin kai, wannan yasa muka yanke shawarar basu abin da suke so.
Kafin samun ‘yancin kai, an shafe shekara da shekaru ‘yan kishin ƙasa suna gwagwarmayar kwato wa ƙasar nan 'yancin daga Turawan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya, a ƙarshe haƙarsu ta cimma ruwa, inda a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 1960, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa wanda ya zamo Firaministan Najeriya na farko ya karɓi tutar 'yancin kai daga hannun Gwamna Janar
Sir James Willson Robertson, inda aka ɗaga tutar da
Micheal Taiwo Akinkunmi ya zana mai launin Kore da Fari da Kore, yayin da aka sauke tutar Ingila.
Najeriya ƙasa ce mai al'adu da addinai da ma ƙabilu daban-daban da suka haura 200. Manya a cikinsu, su ne, Hausa da Ibo da kuma Yoruba, sannan kowannensu na da tsarin yadda yake tafiyar da mulkin jama'arsa.
Bayan da aka raba ƙasar zuwa yankuna uku, wato Hausa da Fulani a yankin Arewa, Ibo a yankin gabashi, Yarabawa kuma a yankin yamma, Arewa ta fi kowanne yankin yawa da kuma girma, abinda sauran yankunan suka yi ta kokawa a kai.
A shekarun 1940 zuwa 1950, jam'iyyun da aka kafa domin yakin kwatarwa Najeriya 'yancin kai su ne, NPC (Northern People’s Congress) a Arewa, NCNC (Nigerian National Democratic Party) ta ƙabilar Ibo, da AG (Action Group) ta Yarabawa, sun yi ta gwagwarmaya musamman ma dai NCNC da AG waɗanda ke neman a basu yancin cin gashin kai, abinda suka ga zai yi wuya ba tare da haɗa kai da Arewa ba.
Hakan ne yasa jam'iyyun uku suka yi ta gwagwarmayar tare.
A ranar da za a baiwa Najeriya ‘yancin kai, wato ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 1960, turawan mulkin mallaka na Ingila sun miƙa tutar ‘yancin kai ga firaiminista Sir. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa wanda ɗan Arewa ne kuma musulmi, yayin da Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe wanda Kirista ne ɗan kabilar Ibo ke matsayin shugaban ƙasa.
Tun daga wannan lokacin sauran ƙabilun musamman Ibo basu ji daɗin lamarin ba na cewa 'yan Arewa ne ke mulkarsu, wanda wannan ne ya haifar da juyin mulki na farko da sojojin yawancinsu 'yan ƙabilar Ibo suka yi a shekarar 1966, karkashin jagorancin Laftanal Chukwuma Nzeogwu Kaduna, inda aka kashe manyan shugabannin Arewa.
Waɗannan ƙananan hafsoshin sojan, sun yi ikirarin cewa sun shirya juyin mulkin ne a saboda a cewarsu, shugabannin dake jagorancin ƙasar sun nuna zarmiya, inda suka ce ministocin gwamnati suna sace kuɗaɗen baitul-mali domin amfaninsu.
Sai dai kuma a wani ɓangare, akwai masu ikirarin cewa wannan juyin mulki na ƙabilanci ne, saboda daga cikin sojoji 8 da suka kulla wannan juyin mulkin, 7 'yan ƙabilar Igbo ne, ɗaya ne kawai Bayarbe. A wani gefen kuwa, dukkan manyan shugabannin farar hular da aka kashe, harma da manyan hafsoshin soja, kusan duk 'yan Arewacin Najeriya ne.
Waɗanda aka kashe a juyin mulkin sun haɗa da Sir. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Firimiyan Arewa da Sir. Ahmadu Bello Firimiyan Yamma da Samuel Akintola Ministan kuɗi da Festus Okotie-Eboh (Shi kaɗai ne ɗan yankin gabas a cikin gwamnatin tarayya da aka kashe) da Ahmed Ben Musa da Birgediya Zakariya Maimalari da Birgediya Samuel Ademulegun da Kanar Kur Mohammed da Kanar Shodeinde da Laftanal-kanar Abogo largema da Laftanal-kanar James Pam da leftana-kanar Arthur Unegbe. Shi ma Saje Daramola Oyegoke, ya taimakawa Nzeogwu wajen kai hari a kan gidan Sardauna, amma a cewar 'yan sanda, daga baya Nzeogwu ya kashe shi.
A ranar 28 ga watan Yulin 1966, watanni shida bayan wannan juyin mulki, hafsoshin soja daga Arewacin Najeriya suka shirya nasu juyin mulkin, wanda ya kai ga kashe Janar Aguiyi-Ironsi tare da laftanal-kanar Adekunle Fajuyi.
Waɗanda suka shirya wannan juyin mulki su ne, Laftanal-kanar Murtala Mohammed da laftanal-kanar Joseph Akahan da Manjo T.Y. Danjuma da dai sauran ƙananan hafsoshin sojan Arewacin Najeriya, cikinsu har da Laftanal Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida da Laftanal Muhammadu Buhari. Daga nan ne Najeriya tahau turbar rikice rikicen addini da na ƙabilanci har ma da na siyasa.
Rikicin Maitatsine shi ne rikicin addini na farko mafi muni da Najeriya ta fuskanta a jamhuriya ta biyu ƙarƙashin mulkin marigayi Alhaji Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari. Tun daga wancan lokacin da aka yi rikicin Maitatsine, an yi ta samun rikice rikicen addini da na ƙabilanci daban-daban, kamar daga Arewacin zuwa Kudanci zuwa Gabashin ƙasar.
A farkon shekarar 1980 ne aka yi rikicin Maitatsine a jihar Kano, wanda daga bisani ya bazu zuwa Yola da Maiduguri da Bauchi da Gombe, inda aka yi asarar rayukan dubban dubatan mutane da suka haɗa da Musulmai da Kirista. Bayan wannan, rikice-rikicen da suka fi muni sun haɗa da rikicin Zangon Kataf na jihar Kaduna a shekarar 1992 tsakanin Hausawa da Katafawa, wanda daga bisani ya rikiɗe ya koma na addini.
A wannan rikicin shi ma an yi asarar rayuka da dukiyoyi masu ɗimbin yawa. Sai kuma rikicin Shagamu na jihar Ogun, wanda ya auku a watan Yulin shekarar 1999 tsakanin Yarabawa da Hausawa, biyo bayan kisan wata mata Bahaushiya da wata ƙungiya mai suna (Oro) ta yi, inda suka ce ta keta ƙa’idarsu. Kashe-kashen da aka yi wa Hausawa a Shagamu ya sa a Kano ma matasa sun ɗauki fansa kan Yarabawan dake zaune a can.
Ɗalibai suna farin ciki da zagayowar ranar samun 'yancin Kai
Sai kuma a watan Nuwamban shekarar 1999, inda wani rikicin ƙabilanci ya sake ɓarkewa a unguwar Ajegunle ta jihar Legas tsakanin ƙungiyar OPC (Oodua People’s Congress) da ta matasan ƙabilar Ijaw.
Bayan kwantar da wannan rikicin a watan Disambar wannan shekarar, an sake samun wani ɓarkewar rikicin ƙabilancin a kasuwar Mile 12, tsakanin kungiyar OPC da Hausawa, bisa dalilan shugabancin ƙungiyar masu sayar da doya a kasuwar, wato
Shukura Yam Sellers Association, wanda kusan Hausawa ne ke riƙe da shugabancinta, inda aka yi asarar rayuka sama da ɗari biyu tare da ƙone kasuwar kurmus.
Ɓullo da tsarin shari’ar Musulunci a wasu jahohin Arewacin ƙasar shi ne ya yi sanadiyar rikicin addini a jihar Kaduna cikin watan Fabrairun 2000, inda nan ma aka yi rikici tsakanin Musulmai da mabiya addinin Kirista, waɗanda suka nuna rashin amincewarsu ga amfani da shari’ar Musulunci a jihar. Rikicin wanda ya bazu zuwa garuruwan Kachiya da Zariya da sauransu, shi ma ya haddasa asarar daruruwan rayuka da dukiyoyi masu ɗimbin yawa.
Bayan wannan rikicin na Kaduna, an samu makamancinsa a jahohin Sokoto da Barno musamman ma a garin
Damboa na jihar Barno.
An fara samun rikici a Jos tun daga shekara ta 2001, wanda asalin sa na siyasa ne tsakanin ‘yan asalin yankin
Pilato da kuma Hausa/Fulani dake zaune a can, kafin daga bisani ya rikiɗe ya koma na addini da ƙabilanci, kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan rikice-rikicen da aka samu a Najeriya. Rikincin Jos na faruwa ne tsakanin Hausa/Fulani Musulmai da kuma ‘yan yankin na
Pilato waɗanda akasarinsu mabiya addinin Kirista ne. Bangarorin biyu sunyi taƙaddama ne kan ko suwaye ‘yan asalin jihar da kuma waɗanda za su yi shugabanci. Kan haka ne wasu ke ganin bayan ga ƙabilanci na addini, rikicin Jos na da alaƙa da siyasa. An samu asarar rayuka da ma dukiyoyi masu ɗimbin yawa tun daga lokacin da aka fara zaman doya da manja a garin, wato daga shekara ta 2001 zuwa 2010. Rikice-rikicen da aka yi ta yi a
Jos a shekarun baya kan bazu zuwa jahohin dake makwabtaka da ita kamar Gombe da Bauchi.
Ana cikin wannan yanayi muka tsinci kanmu a halin da muke ciki ayau, wato rikicin
Boko Haram, wanda ya auku a watan Yulin shekara ta 2009, inda waɗansu matasa ƙarƙashin jagorancin Muhammad Yusuf dake adawa da ilimin Boko da aikin gwamnati suka ƙaddamar da yaƙi kan jami’an tsaro da ofisoshinsu a birnin Maiduguri a jihar Barno.
Irin kashe-kashe da zub da jini da tashe-tashen hankulan da tun farko ake ganinsu a yankin Arewa maso gabas, daga baya ya bazu zuwa sassan Najeriya da wajenta. Yau kimanin shekaru goma kenan muna fama da tashe-tashen hankulan da zub da jini a dalilin ƙungiyar Boko Haram, sai ga wata fitinar ma ta sake ɓarkewa tsakanin Makiyaya (masu kiwo) da Manoma, inda aka zub da jini tare da rasa rayuka masu yawa.
Bayan lafawar wannan, sai ga jihohin Zamfara da Katsina da Taraba da Kaduna sun rikice, inda kullum cikin kashe-kashe da zub da jinin al’umma ake. Garkuwa da mutune kuwa ya zamo ruwan dare a waɗannan jahohin, kai kace babu gwamnati a ƙasar.
Abubuwan dake faruwa tsakanin mabiya mazhaban
Shi’a da gwamnatin Najeriya na sake barazana ga zaman lafiyar ƙasar, musamman ma ga Arewancin ƙasar.
Abin da mafi yawan mutane basu sani ba wasu kuma suka mance, shi ne, Mohammed Yusuf (shugaban ƙungiyar Boko Haram) wasu ‘yan tsirarin matasa ya mallaka, inda suka ƙaddamar da yaƙi kan jami’an tsaro da ofisoshinsu a cikin birnin Maiduguri, daga nan kuma kashe-kashe da zub da jini da tashe-tashen hankula suka zamo ruwan dare a yankin Arewa.
A yayin da wannan tashe-tashen hankali ke bazuwa zuwa wasu sassan na Najeriya har ma da makwabtanta.
MAKALOLI MASU ALAKA:
SHIN DA GASKE NE NIGERIA TA KUBUTA DAGA MULKIN MALLAKA?Kalli Kayatattun Hotunan Tunawa da Ranar Samun 'Yancin Kan Nigeria a Shekaru 59 daga Turawan Mulkin MallakaKARANTA TARIHIN YADDA TURAWA SUKA AZABTAR DA AL'UMMAR YANKIN AREWACIN NIGERIAYau kimanin shekaru goma ke nan amma gwamnatin Najeriya ta kasa murƙushe Boko Haram, to yaya kuma ƙungiyar Shi’a wacce take da mabiya a dukkan ƙananan hukumomin ƙasar?
Duk mu ajiye wannan gefe guda, a tsawon wannan shekaru 59 da samun ‘yancin kai, shin ta ɓangaren ci gaban ƙasa da tattalin arziki, ci gaba muka samu ko ci baya?
