MENENE CRYPTOCURRENCY KASHI NA ƊAYA

*MENENE CRYPTOCURRENCY KASHI NA ƊAYA* *Takaitaccen tarihin Cryptocurrency* An fara yunƙurin samar da kuɗaɗen internet ne tun a 1990s, lokacin da ƙwararren masanin ilimin cryptography nan ɗan asalin kasar America watau David Chaum ya ƙirƙiri kuɗin internet na farko a ƙasar Netherlands. David ya samu nasarar ƙirƙirar DigiCash ne ta hanyar amfani da fasahar Encryption algorithm na RSA domin ba shi cikakken tsaron adana bayanai da kuma tantance mu'amalolin da a ke yi da shi.

DigiCash ya ɗauki hankullan kafofin yaɗa labarai musamman saboda kasancewar shi kuɗin internet na farko da aka fara samarwa. Ba a jima ba ya samu ƙarɓuwa da hasken goshi wajen al'umma har ta kai kamfanin Microsoft Corporation ya taya shi akan zunzurutun kuɗi har $180,000,000 da niyyar ɗora shi akan kowacce computer da ke aiki da windows operating system. Sai dai David Chaum da kamfaninsa ba su amince da tayin ba, wanda rashin amincewa da tayin kuwa na daga cikin manyan kurakuren da David Chaum da kamfaninsa suka aikata da yai sanadiyyar rushewar DigiCash. Yunƙuri na biyu na samuwar kuɗin internet an ƙirƙiro shi ne daga faɗaɗa bincike da nazari akan tsarukan DigiCash. Kamfanoni daban daban daga baya sun duƙufa wajen ƙoƙarin ganin sun samar da kuɗaɗen internet tare da kawo canje-canje masu ma'ana na zamani wanda DigiCash bai zo da su ba. Daga cikin kamfanonin akwai: PayPal, wanda shi ne ya fi shahara da samun ƙarɓuwa a wajen al'umma. Dalilin da ya sa ya ciri tuta a tsakanin sauran kamfanonin shi ne: saboda ya ba da damar a yi amfani da shi a dandamalin yanar gizo (Web browser) wanda hanya ce da mutane suka fi sabawa da ita. PayPal na da bambanci da sauran kamfanonin masu gasa da shi, masu amfani da PayPal kan iya tura kuɗi ko karɓar ta amfani da tsarin sadarwa na peertopeer. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen zamantar da harkokin biyan kuɗi na internet musamman tsarin amfani da katin cire kuɗi (Credit card) wanda masu amfani da PayPal kan iya mallaka kuma su cire kuɗi a duk inda su ke a faɗin duniya ba tare da la'akari da bambanci ƙudaɗe ba. Nasarar da PayPal ya samu ce ta ƙara zaburar da wasu kamfonin wajen ƙoƙarin ganin sun samar da irin nasu tsarin biyan kuɗi na internet domin su yi goyayya da shi, daga cikin kamfanonin akwai; Egold, B Money, Bit Gold da dai sauransu. Babban muhimmin abu na gaba a cikin tarihin cryptocurrency shi ne a October 31, 2008 wani mutum da har yanzu ba a san takamaiman waye shi ba mai suna 'Satoshi Nakamoto' ya fitar da wata takarda (White paper) da ke ɗauke da bayani dakidaki na fasahar da a yanzu mu ke kira da " Blockchain" Samuwar fasahar blockchain ne ya haifar da samuwar dukkanin nau'ikan kuɗaɗen da mu ke kira "Cryptocurrency" Ta hanyar amfani da blockchain ne aka samar da kuɗin Bitcoin. A yau da na ke rubuta littafin nan akwai fiye da adadin Bitcoin 18,000,000 da ke zagayawa a hannun mutane wanda ƙimar kuɗinsu ya kai kimanin $1,000,000,000,000,000. An fara kasuwancin Bitcoin ne a July, 2010, kowanne Bitcoin ɗaya bai wuce N5 ba a lokacin. Amma a yanzu da na ke maganar nan shekara 13 ke nan da samuwar Bitcoin, farashin kowanne Bitcoin ɗaya ya haura N38,000,000. Wanda ya sayi Bitcoin na kimanin N100 kacal a July, 2010 zuwa yanzu yana da ribar fiye da N760,000,000.